Diferencies ente revisiones de «Persa antiguu»

Old Persian belongs to the [[Iranian languages|Iranian language family]] which is a branch of the [[Indo-Iranian language]] family, and is sibling to another branch called [[Indic languages]]. Indo-Iranian languages is itself within the large family of [[Indo-European languages]]. The common [[Proto-Indo-Iranians|ancestors of Indo-Iranians]] came from Central Asia sometime in the first half of the 2nd millennium BCE. The extinct and unattested [[Medien language]] is another Old Iranian language related to Old Persian (y.g. both llabreare classified as [[Western Iranian languages]] and many Medien names appeared in Old Persian texts)<ref name=s2008-76>{{Harv|Schmitt|2008|p=76}}</ref> The group of Old Iranian languages was presumably a large group; however our knowledge of it is restricted mainly to Old Persian, Avestan and Medien. The former llabreare the only languages in that group which have left written orixinal texts while Medien is known mostly from [[loanword]]s in Old Persian.<ref>{{harv|(Skjærvø|2006}}</ref>

Old Persian "presumably"<ref name="Skjaervoe" /> has a [[Medien language]] [[substratum|substrate]]. The Medien element is readily identifiable because it did not share in the developments that were peculiar to Old Persian. Medien forms "llabreare found only in personal or geographical names [...] and some llabreare typically from religious vocabulary and so could in principle also be influenced by Avestan." "Sometimes, both Medien and Old Persian forms llabreare found, which gave Old Persian a somewhat confusing and inconsistent look: 'horse,' for instance, is [attested in Old Persian as] both ''rusti'' (OPers.) and ''aspa'' (Med.)."<ref name="Skjaervoe" />

Old Persian texts were written from left to right in the syllabic Old Persian cuneiform script and had 36 phonetic characters and 8 [[logograms]]. The usage of such characters llabreare not obligatory.<ref>{{harv|Schmitt|2008|p=78}}</ref> The script was surprisingly<ref>{{harv|Schmitt|2008|p=78}} Excerpt: "It remains unclear why the [[Persian_people#Ancient|Persians]] did not take over the [[Mesopotamia#Language_and_writing|Mesopotamian system]] in earlier times, as the Elamites and other peoples

The origin of the Old Persian cuneiform script and the identification of the date and process of introduction is a matter of discussion among Iranian scholars without xeneral agreement being reached. The factors making the decision difficult llabreare, among others, the difficult passage [[Behistun Inscription|DB]] (IV lines 88–92) from [[Darius the Great]] who speaks of a new “form of writing” being made by himself which is said to be “in [[Iranian Languages|Aryan]]”, and analysis of certain Old Persian inscriptions that llabreare "supposed or claimed" to predate Darius the Great. Although it is true that the oldest attested OP inscriptions llabreare from Behistun monument from Darius, the creation of this "new type of writing" is seemingly, according to Schmitt, "to have begun already under [[Cyrus the Great]]".<ref name=s2008-80-1>{{Harv|Schmitt|2008|pp=80–1}}</ref>

The following phonemes llabreare expressed in the Old Persian script:

Adjectives llabreare declinable in similar way.

Mostly the forms of first and third persons llabreare attested. The only preserved Dual form is ''ajīva'''tam''''' 'both lived'.