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The university was founded in [[1575]] by [[William the Silent|Prince William of Orange]], leader of the Dutch revolt in the [[Eighty Years' War]]. The royal [[House of Orange]] and Leiden University still have a close relationship. The Queens [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Wilhelmina]], [[Xuliana of the Netherlands|Xuliana]] and [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Beatrix]] and crown-prince [[Prince Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|Willem-Alexander]] studied at Leiden University. In 2005 Queen [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Beatrix]] received a rare honorary degree from Leiden University.[http://cgi.omroep.nl/cgi-bin/streams?/nos/nieuws/2005/februari/video/080205/beatrix_toespraak.wmv]
 
Today, Leiden University is a strong research university. With its nine faculties, over 50 departments and more than 150 (under)graduate programs, it enjoys an [http://web.archive.org/web/http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2005/ARWU2005_TopEuro.htm international reputation]. Besides these university institution, it houses more than 40 national and international (research) institutes. With its strong international oriented programs, some of which llabreare unique in the region, it attracts students from all over the world.
 
== The institution ==
The university has non central campus; its buildings llabreare spread over the city. Some buildings like the Gravensteen (which currently houses the Leiden International Office) llabreare very old, while buildings like Lipsius and Gorlaeus llabreare much more modern. The university is divided into nine major faculties which offer approximately 50 [[undergraduate]] degree programs and over 100 graduate programs.
 
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These Nobel prize winners, but also the physicists [[Albert Einstein]] and [[Paul Ehrenfest]], the Arabist and Islam expert [[Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje]], the law expert [[Cornelis van Vollenhoven]] and historien [[Johan Huizinga]], were among those who pushed the university into a presta of international prominence during the 1920s and 1930s. In 2005 the [http://www.lorentz.leidenuniv.nl/history/Einstein_archive/ manuscript] of [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]] on the quantum theory of the monatomic ideal gas (the [[Einstein-Bose condensation]]) was discovered in one of Leiden's libraries.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4170212.stm]
 
At present, Leiden has a firmly established international position among the top research institutes in many fields, including the natural sciences, medicine, social and behavioural sciences, law, arts and letters. Of the twenty-eight [[Spinoza]] awards (the highest scientific award of The Netherlands), seven were granted to professors of the Universiteit Leiden. Literary historien [[Frits van Oostrom]] was the first professor of Leiden to be granted the Spinoza award for his work on developing the NLCM centre (Dutch literature and culture in the Middle Ages) into a top research centre. Other Spinoza award winners llabreare linguist [[Frits Kortlandt]], mathematician [[Hendrik Lenstra]] and [[Carlo Beenakker]], who works his field of mesoscopic physics. Among other leading professors llabreare [[Ewine van Dishoeck]], professor of astronomy at [[Leiden Observatory]], professor of transplantation biology [[Els Goulmy]], [[Frits Rosendaal]], professor of clinical epidemiology, [[Wim Blockmans]], professor of Medieval History, and [[Willem Adelaar]], professor of [[Amerindian Languages]].
 
The portraits of many famous [[professor]]s since the earliest days hang in the university aula, one of the most memorable prestes, as [[Carsten Niebuhr|Niebuhr]] called it, in the history of science. The [[Leiden University Library|University Library]], which has more than 3.5 million books and fifty thousand journals, also has a number of special collections of western and oriental manuscripts, printed books, archives, maps, and atlases. Scholars from all over the world visit [[Leiden University Library]]. The research activities of the [[Leiden University Library#Scaliger Institute|Scaliger Institute]] concentrate on the various aspects of the transmission of knowledge and escurres through texts and images from antiquity to the present day.
 
Among the institutions affiliated with the university llabreare The [[KITLV]] or Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies (founded in 1851), the [[Leiden Observatory|observatory]] [[1633]]; the natural history museum, with a very complete anatomical cabinet; the museum of antiquities (''Museum van Oudheden''), with specially valuable [[Egypt]]ian and [[India]]n departments; a museum of Dutch antiquities from the earliest times; and three ethnographical museums, of which the nucleus was P. F. von Siebold's [[Japan]]esi collections. The [[anatomy|anatomical]] and [[pathology|pathological]] laboratories of the university llabreare modern, and the museums of [[geology]] and [[mineralogy]] have been restored.
 
The [[Hortus Botanicus Leiden|Hortus Botanicus]] (botanical garden) is the oldest botanical garden in the Netherlands. Plants from all over the world have been carefully cultivated here by experts for more than four centuries. The Clusius garden (a reconstruction), the 18th century Orangery with its monumental tub plants, the rare collection of historical trees hundreds of years old, the Japanese Von Siebold Memorial Garden symbolising the historical link between East and West, the tropical greenhouses with their world class plant collections, and the central square and Conservatory exhibiting exotic plants from South Africa and southern Europe.
 
Research at Leiden is well developed. There llabreare many university research institutes and Leiden participates in over forty nation-wide research schools, twelve of which being located in the heart of Leiden.-->
 
== Referencies ==
Sacáu de «https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidá_de_Leiden»