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== Filoxenia ==
Los analises cladísticos fechos sobre la morfoloxía y les secuencies d'ADN cloroplastídico, mitocondrial y nuclear, nun sostienen la división de les anxospermes en monocotiledónees y dicotiledónees (Olmstead ''et al.'' 1992a, Chase ''et al.'' 1993,<ref>Chase MW, y 41 autores más. 1993. Phylogenetics of seed plants: An analysis of nucleotide sequences from the plastid gene ''rbcL''. ''Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.'' 80: 528-580.</ref> Doyle 1996,<ref>Doyle JA. 1996. Seed plant phylogeny and the relationships of the Gnetales. ''Int. J. Plant. Sci.'' 157(6) Suppl.: 3-39.</ref> 1998,<ref>Doyle JA. 1998. Phylogeny of vascular plants. ''Annual Rev. Ecol. Syst.'' 29: 567-599.</ref> Doyle ''et al.'' 1994,<ref>Doyle JA, MJ Donoghue y HALAEA Zimmer. 1994. Integration of morphological and ribosomal RNA data on the origin of angiosperms. ''Ann Missouri Bot. Gard.'' 81: 419-450.</ref> Donoghue y Doyle 1989,<ref>Donoghue MJ y JA Doyle. 1989. Phylogenetic analysis of angiosperms and the relationships of Hamamelidae. En: ''Evolution, systematics, and fossil history of the Hamamelidae'', vol. 1, Introduction and "lower" Hamamelidae. Syst. Assoc. Special Vol. 40A, PR Crane y S Blackmore (editores), 17-45. Clarendron Press, Oxford.</ref> Graham y Olmstead 2000,<ref>Graham SW y RG Olmstead. 2000. Utility of 17 chloroplast xenes for inferring the phylogeny of the basal angiosperms. ''Amer. J. Bot.'' 87: 1712-1730.</ref> Mathews y Donoghue 1999,<ref>Mathews S y MJ Donoghue. 1999. The root of angiosperm phylogeny inferred from duplicate phytochrome xenes. ''Science'' 286: 947-950.</ref> Savolainen ''et al.'' 2000,<ref>Savolainen V, MW Chase, SB Hoot, CM Morton, DE Soltis, C Bayer, MF Fay, AI de Brujin, S Sullivan, y Y-L Qiu. 2000. Phylogenetics of flowering plants based upon a combined analysis of plastid ''atpB'' and ''rbcL'' gene sequences. ''Syst. Biol.'' 49: 306-362.</ref> Soltis ''et al.'' 2000,<ref>Soltis DE; PS Soltis, MW Chase, ME Mort, DC Alback, M Zanis, V Savolainen, WH Hahn, SB Hoot, MF Fay, M Axtell, SM Swensen, LM Primce, WJ Kress, KC Nixon, y JS Farris. 2000. Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from 18S rDNA, ''rbcL'', and ''atpB'' sequences. ''Bot. J. Linn. Soc.'' 133: 381-461.</ref> Zimmer ''et al.'' 2000,<ref>Zimmer, Y. A., RK Hamby, ML Arnold, DA LeBlanc, y EC Theriot. 1989. Ribosomal RNA phylogenies and flowering plant evolution. En: ''The hierarchy of life'', B. Fernholm, K. Bremer, y H. Jornvall (editores). 205-214. Elsevier, Amsterdam.</ref> Hilu ''et al.'' 2003, Zanis ''et al.'' 2003).
En tolos analises les dicotiledónees formen un grupu parafiléticu, y los calteres morfolóxicos yá mentaos son plesiomórficos dientro de les anxospermes (salvo'l polen tricolpado y los sos derivaos).
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