Diferencies ente revisiones de «Yuri Gagarin»

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N'abril de 2011, dellos documentos d'una xunta de 1968 del Comité Central de Partíu Comunista pa investigar l'accidente foi desclasificada. Esos documentos revelaren qu'el determín orixinal de la xunta fore que Gagarin o Seryogin remanaríen brillantemente pa, o bien evitar un globu meterolóxicu o bien pa safar entrar na llende soperior del primer embozu de la cobertoria de ñubes.
 
Nel so llibru ''Dos costaos de la Lluna'' ([[Alexey Leonov]], 2004), l'autor que fore parte d'una Xunta Estatal establecida en 1968 pa pescanciar detáis de la so muerte, cunta qu'elli taba remanando un helicópteru na mesma área esi día cuando elli sintiera "dos ''boom'' no llonxano". Sofitando otres teoríes, la so deduición foi que un jet Sukhoi (identificáu por elli como [[Sukhoi Su-15|Su-15 'Flagon']]) taba esnalando embaxo del so altor mínimu permitíu, y "ensin catase d'ello poles terribles condiciones climatolóxiques, elli (''el jet'') pasare a 10 o 20 metros de l'aparatu de Yuri y Seregin's mentes taba rompiendo la barrera'l soníu". La turbulencia creyada unviara al MiG a un xiru incontrolable de consecuencies catastrófiques. Leonov creyía qu'el primer ''boom'' qu'elli sintiera fore'l jet rompiendo la barrera'l soníu', y qu'el segundu sedría l'avión de Gagarin esfronándose'.
 
(----)
 
In his 2004 book ''Two Sides of the Moon'', [[Alexey Leonov]], who was part of a State Commission established to investigate the death in 1968, recounts that he was flying a helicopter in the same area that day when he heard "two loud booms in the distance." Corroborating other theories, his conclusion is that a Sukhoi jet (which he identifies as a [[Sukhoi Su-15|Su-15 'Flagon']]) was flying below its minimum allowed altitude, and "without realizing it because of the terrible weather conditions, he passed within 10 or 20 meters of Yuri and Seregin's plane while breaking the sound barrier." The resulting turbulence would have sent the MiG into an uncontrolled spin. Leonov believes the first boom he heard was that of the jet breaking the sound barrier, and the second was Gagarin's plane crashing.<ref name="LeonovBook"/> In a June 2013 interview with Russian television network [[RT (TV network)|RT]], Leonov said that a declassified report on the incident revealed the presence of a second, "unauthorized" Su-15 flying in the area. Leonov states that this aircraft had descended to {{convert|450|m}} and that, while running afterburners, "the aircraft reduced its echelon at a distance of 10–15 meters in the clouds, passing close to Gagarin, turning his plane and thus sending it into a tailspin – a deep spiral, to be precise – at a speed of 750 kilometers per hour." As a condition of being allowed to discuss the report, however, Leonov was required to not disclose the name of the other pilot, who was reported to be 80 years old (as of 2013) and in poor health.<ref name="rt20130614"/><ref name="unitoday20130614"/>
 
==Heredá y llibrances==
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===Heredá===
 
Aparte de la so curtia estatura (1'57m), una de les carauterístiques más alcordables de Gagarin sedría la so sorrisa.
Aside from his short stature at {{convert|1.57|m|ftin}}, one of Gagarin's most notable traits was his smile.<ref name="bbc20110307"/> Many commented on how Gagarin's smile gained the attention of crowds on the frequent tours he did in the months after the Vostok 1 mission success.<ref name="French1998" />
 
Gagarin alsotamién garneredcolecharía a reputationuna asbona anreputación adeptcomo publicfigura figurepúblico. WhenCuando heelli visitedvisitara [[Manchester]] innel theReinu United KingdomXuníu, it was pouringtuviera rainlloviendo. HoweverSicasí, Gagarin insistedinsistiera thaten thequ'el cartechu hooddel remainvehículu backdebiera sotar thatrecoyíu thepa cheeringque crowdsla couldxente catchpudiere a glimpse oflu himgoyar. Gagarin stateddixera, "IfSi alltoa theseesa peoplexente havefoi turnedquien outa totar welcomeembaxo mela andlluvia canpa standveme ina the rainmin, soyo can Itamién"." Gagarin refusedrefugara anl'usu [[umbrella]]d'un andparagües remainedy standingquedara in his open-topnel [[Bentley]] sodescapotable thatpa theque cheeringles crowdsenfotaes couldmultitúes stillentá seepudieren him.<refesfrutar name="French1998"de />la so presencia.
 
[[Sergei Korolev]], oneun ofde thelos mastermindsautores behindinteleutuales thede earlylos yearscabezaleros ofaños thedel Sovietprograma spaceespacial programsoviéticu, laterdiría saiddepués thatque Gagarin possessedtuviera auna smilesorrisa "thatque litpudiera up"Allumar thela Cold[[Guerra WarFría]]".<ref name="guardian20110313"/>
 
===Llibrances===
[[File:10 Rouble 2001-2.JPG|thumb|RussianRublu Roublerusu commemoratingconmemorativu Gagarinde inGagarin (2001)]]
[[File:Gagarin statue london.jpg|thumb|upright|YuriEstatua Gagarinde statueGagarin inen LondonLondres, nearcao d'Admiralty Arch]]
 
Gagarin sedría tamién honrráu pol programa espacial americanu dementres l'[[Apollo 11]], cuando los astronautes [[Neil Armstrong]] y [[Buzz Aldrin]] dexaren un xergón coles medayes conmemoratives de Gagarin y el so compañeru cosmonauta [[Vladimir Komarov]] na superficie de la [[Lluna]].
Gagarin was also honored by the American space program during [[Apollo 11]] when astronauts [[Neil Armstrong]] and [[Buzz Aldrin]] left a memorial satchel containing medals commemorating Gagarin and fellow cosmonaut [[Vladimir Komarov]] on the surface of the [[Moon]].<ref name="natgeo20090721"/><ref name="Aldrin1989"/> On 2 August 1971, [[Apollo 15]] astronauts [[David Scott]] and [[James Irwin]] left the [[Fallen Astronaut]] on the surface of the Moon as a memorial to all the American astronauts and Soviet cosmonauts that died in the [[Space Race]], with Yuri Gagarin listed among 14 others.<ref name="Geppert2012"/><ref name="slate20131216"/>
 
Tamién hubiere dos monedes conmemoratives asoleyáes na Xunión Soviética n'honor del 20 y 30 aniversariu de la so misión: Una moneda de [[Rublu soviéticu|rublu]] (1981, cobre-níquel) y otra moneda de trés rublos (1991, plata) En 2001, pa conmemorar el 40 aniversariu del viax de Gagarin, series de cuatro monedes cola so imax sedríen espublizáes en [[Rusia]]:Una moneda de 2 [[Rublu rusu|rublos]] (cobre-níquel), una de trés rublos (plata), una de 10 rublos (llatón-cobre, níquel) ya una de 100 rublos (plata). Nel añu 2011, la Federación Rusa fadría una moneda de 1000 rublos (oru) y otra de trés rublos (plata) n'alcordanza del 50 aniversariu.
There were [[commemorative coins of the Soviet Union|two commemorative coins]] issued in the Soviet Union to honour the 20th and 30th anniversaries of his flight: 1 [[Soviet ruble|ruble]] coin (1981, copper-nickel) and 3 ruble coin (1991, silver). In 2001, to commemorate the 40th anniversary of Gagarin's flight, a series of four coins bearing his likeness was issued in [[Russia]]: 2 [[Russian ruble|ruble]] coin (copper-nickel), 3 ruble coin (silver), 10 ruble coin (brass-copper, nickel), and 100 ruble coin (silver).<ref name="cbr"/> In 2011, Russia issued a 1,000 ruble coin (gold) and 3 ruble coin (silver) to mark the 50th anniversary of his flight.<ref name="coinupdate"/>
 
El distritu de [[Gagarin Raion|Gagarin]] inna theciudá de [[Sevastopol]] city (anguañu asitiada na [[UkraineRepública de Crimea]]), wasdientro de la [[Rusia|Federación Rusa]]), namedsedría afternomáu himasina duringdemientres thela SovietXunión UnionSoviética.
 
Nel 2008, la [[Lliga de ḥoquei Kontinental]] nomaría'l so troféu de campión como [[Copa Gagarin]].
In 2008, the [[Kontinental Hockey League]] named their championship trophy the [[Gagarin Cup]].<ref name="spm100519"/>
 
In aEn 2010, [[Spacenuna Foundation]]encuesta de la Fundación surveyEspacial, Gagarin wassedría rankedallugáu asnel thesestu #6puestu mostna popularllista spaced'héroes heroespaciales, tiedempatáu withcol personax ficticiu de la saga [[Star Trek]]'s, fictional Capt.Capitán [[James T. Kirk]].<ref name="spacefoundation"/>
 
InEn Januaryxineru de 2011, l'aerolínea [[Armenia|armenia]]n airline [[Armavia]], namednomara'l theirso firstprimer [[Sukhoi Superjet 100]] in Gagarinn'shonor honour.<refa name="flight20110115"/>Gagarin.
 
El 14 de xunetu de 2011, una
On 14 July 2011, a [[Statue of Yuri Gagarin, Greenwich|statue of Yuri Gagarin]] was unveiled at the [[Admiralty Arch]] end of [[The Mall, London|The Mall]] in London, opposite the permanent sculpture of [[:File:James Cook statue 569r.jpg|James Cook]]. It is a copy of the statue outside Gagarin's former school in [[Lyubertsy]].<ref name="guardian20110406"/> In 2013, the London statue was moved to a permanent location outside the [[Royal Observatory, Greenwich|Royal Observatory]] in [[Greenwich]], and was publicly unveiled on 7 March 2013.<ref name="ria20130307">{{cite news |url=http://en.ria.ru/world/20130307/179877261/Gagarin-Monument-Moved-from-Londons-Mall-to-Greenwich.html |title=Gagarin Monument Moved from London's Mall to Greenwich |work=RIA Novosti |date=7 March 2013 |accessdate=13 April 2014}}</ref>
 
Línea 159 ⟶ 156:
* [[Czechoslovakia]]: [[Trenčianske Teplice]]
He was also awarded the golden keys to the gates of the cities of [[Cairo]] and [[Alexandria]] ([[Egypt]]).
 
==See also==
*[[Cosmonautics Day]] – holiday celebrated in Russia and other former USSR countries on 12 April
*''[[Kosmonaut Yuri Gagarin]]'' – Soviet space research ship
*[[Yuri's Night]] – international celebration held every 12 April
 
==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="Hanbury2010">{{Cite book |title=The Great Explorers |publisher=Thames & Hudson |location=London |editor1-first=Robin |editor1-last=Hanbury-Tenison |page=270 |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-500-25169-0}}</ref>
 
<ref name="time2006">{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/europe/hero2006/gagarin.html |title=Yuri Gagarin |work=Time Europe ''via '' Time.com |first=Dennis |last=Tito |date=13 November 2006 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080326180036/http://www.time.com/time/europe/hero2006/gagarin.html |archivedate=26 March 2008}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Rosenberg-About">{{cite web |url=http://history1900s.about.com/od/1960s/a/yurigagarin.htm |title=Yuri Gagarin: The First Man in Space |work=About.com |first=Jennifer |last=Rosenberg |accessdate=26 March 2013}}</ref>
 
<ref name="indep20110403">{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/yuri-gagarin-the-man-who-fell-to-earth-2257505.html |title=Yuri Gagarin: The man who fell to Earth |work=[[The Independent]] |first=Paul |last=Rodgers |date=3 April 2011 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110404093839/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/yuri-gagarin-the-man-who-fell-to-earth-2257505.html |archivedate=4 April 2011 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Moskvitch2011">{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12875848 |title=Yuri Gagarin's Klushino: Forgotten home of space legend |work=[[BBC News]] |last=Moskvitch |first=Katia |date=3 April 2011 |accessdate=4 April 2011}}</ref>
 
<ref name="eandt20110314">{{cite journal |url=http://eandt.theiet.org/magazine/2011/03/yuri-gagarin.cfm |title=First man of Space – the flight and plight of Yuri Gagarin |journal=[[Engineering & Technology]] |first=Piers |last=Bizony |volume=6 |issue=3 |date=14 March 2011 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/9Zg1a |archivedate=26 March 2013 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
 
<ref name="nyt19680328">{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0309.html |title=Yuri Gagarin Killed As Test Plane Falls |publisher=[[New York Times]] |date=28 March 1968 |accessdate=31 August 2013}}</ref>
 
<ref name="rian20110330">{{cite news |url=http://en.rian.ru/science/20110330/163289008.html |title=Yury Gagarin: Biography |work=[[RIA Novosti]] |date=30 March 2011 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/CIzZ |archivedate=23 May 2012 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
 
<ref name="bbc20110404">{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12460720 |title=Profile: Yuri Gagarin |work=[[BBC News]] |first1=Paul |last1=Rincon |first2=Katia |last2=Moskvitch |date=4 April 2011 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6DrGGmul5 |archivedate=22 January 2013 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
 
<ref name="astro">{{ru icon}} {{cite web |url=http://www.astronaut.ru/as_rusia/vvs/text/gagarin.htm |title=Юрий Алексеевич Гагарин |work=Astronaut.ru |date=11 July 2007 |accessdate=30 March 2008}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Siddiqi262q">Quoted in Siddiqi 2000, p. 262.</ref>
 
<ref name="Siddiqi262">Siddiqi 2000, p. 262.</ref>
 
<ref name="Siddiqi261">Siddiqi 2000, p. 261.</ref>
 
<ref name="Gavrilin2627q">Bykovsky quoted in Gavrilin 1973, p. 26-27.</ref>
 
<ref name="Louis1980">{{cite book |title=Sport in the Soviet Union |publisher=Pergamon |location=Oxford |first1=Victor E |last1=Louis |first2=Jennifer M |last2=Louis |page=43 |year=1980 |isbn=0-08-024506-4}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Siddiqi275">Siddiqi 2000, p. 275.</ref>
 
<ref name="Siddiqi278q">Quoted in Siddiqi 2000, p. 278.</ref>
 
<ref name="autobiography">{{ru icon}} {{cite web |url=http://epizodsspace.testpilot.ru/bibl/gagarin/doroga/obl.html |title=Дорога в космос |work=Pravda ''via'' TestPilot.ru |first=Юрий |last=Гагарин |date=3 December 2004 |accessdate=30 March 2008}}</ref>
 
<ref name="sovmusic-download">{{cite web |url=http://www.sovmusic.ru/english/download.php?fname=rodinasl |title=Motherland Hears (download) |work=SovMusic.ru |accessdate=30 March 2008}}</ref>
 
<ref name="sovmusic-text">{{cite web |url=http://www.sovmusic.ru/english/text.php?fname=rodinasl |title=Motherland Hears (lyrics) |work=SovMusic.ru |accessdate=30 March 2008}}</ref>
 
<ref name="cosmoworld">{{ru icon}} {{cite web |url=http://www.cosmoworld.ru/spaceencyclopedia/gagarin/index.shtml?doc10.html |title=Полная стенограмма переговоров Юрия Гагарина с Землей с момента его посадки в корабль (за два часа до старта) до выхода корабля "Востока-1" из зоны радиоприема |work=Cosmoworld.ru |accessdate=30 March 2008}}</ref>
 
<ref name="ir73">{{cite web |url=http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=interview&div=24 |title=I am proud to be accused of having introduced Yury Gagarin to Orthodoxy |work=Interfax-religion.com |date=12 April 2006 |accessdate=30 March 2008 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/y2xNh |archivedate=21 May 2013 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
 
<ref name="ir8361">{{cite web |url=http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=8361 |title=Gagarin's family celebrated Easter and Christmas, Korolev used to pray and confess |work=Interfax-religion.com |date=11 April 2011 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/ngxBi |archivedate=21 May 2013 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
 
<ref name="mkegypt">{{ru icon}} {{cite web |url=http://mkegypt.net/etobilonedavno/308--11 |title=На орбите дружбы |work=МК в Египте |date=24 April 2011}}</ref>
 
<ref name="wcml">{{cite web |url=http://www.wcml.org.uk/contents/international/cold-war/yuri-gagarin-in-manchester/ |title=Yuri Gagarin in Manchester |work=WCML.org.uk |first=John |last=Callow |date=17 January 2009 |accessdate=12 April 2010}}</ref>
 
<ref name="French1998">{{Cite journal |url=http://yurigagarin50.org/history/gagarin-in-britain/gagarin-in-manchester |title=Yuri Gagarin's Visit to Manchester |journal=Spaceflight |publisher=British Interplanetary Society |first=Francis |last=French |authorlink=Francis French |date=July 1998|volume=40 |issue=7 |accessdate=7 March 2011}}</ref>
 
<ref name="krulwich2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.npr.org/blogs/krulwich/2011/03/23/134597833/cosmonaut-crashed-into-earth-crying-in-rage |title=Cosmonaut Crashed Into Earth 'Crying In Rage' |work=Krulwich Wonders ''via'' NPR.org |first=Robert |last=Krulwich |date=18 March 2011 |accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref>
 
<ref name="airspace20110501">{{cite journal |url=http://www.airspacemag.com/space-exploration/The-Family-He-Left-Behind.html?story=fullstory |title=The Family He Left Behind |journal=[[Air & Space]] |first=Allen |last=Abel |date=May 2011 |accessdate=26 March 2013}}</ref>
 
<ref name="euronews20110412">{{cite web |url=http://www.euronews.net/2011/04/12/gagarin-in-his-daughter-s-words/ |title=Gagarin in his daughter's words |work=Euronews.net |date=12 April 2011 |accessdate=27 April 2012}}</ref>
 
<ref name="rea20110411">{{ru icon}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rea.ru/Main.aspx?page=REA_NEWS&NewsItem=2975 |title=Праздничные мероприятия, посвященные 50-летию полета Ю.А. Гагарина в космос |publisher=Rea.ru |date=11 April 2011 |accessdate=27 April 2012}}</ref>
 
<ref name="telegraph080801">{{Cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/1425937/KGB-held-ground-staff-to-blame-for-Gagarin%27s-death.html |title=KGB held ground staff to blame for Gagarin's death |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |first=Ben |last=Aris |date=28 March 2008 |accessdate=1 August 2008}}</ref>
 
<ref name="ScotlandSunday-GagarinInquiry">{{cite news |url=http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/world/Inquiry-promises-to-solve-Gagarin.2615429.jp |title=Inquiry promises to solve Gagarin death riddle |work=[[Scotland on Sunday]] |first=Ed |last=Holt |date=3 April 2005 |accessdate=30 March 2008}}</ref>
 
<ref name="airspace20100901">{{Cite journal |url=http://www.airspacemag.com/space-exploration/What-Made-Yuri-Fall.html |title=What Made Yuri Fall? |journal=[[Air & Space]] |first=Andrew |last=Osborn |date=September 2010 |accessdate=24 September 2010}}</ref>
 
<ref name="belfast171">{{cite news |url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/world-news/article2442171.ece |title=Kremlin vetoes new inquiry into mystery death of Yuri Gagarin |work=[[The Belfast Telegraph]] |first=Andrew |last=Osborn |date=12 April 2007 |accessdate=30 March 2008 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/NQGww |archivedate=14 January 2013}}</ref>
 
<ref name="afp20110408">{{Cite news |url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iyJUQulpBwoJk3rHAiK7mNM73eRw?docId=CNG.a9a3bd2a391cf386442c29b6c7f67b99.3b1 |title=Russia sheds light on Gagarin death mystery |work=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]] |first=Anna |last=Malpas |date=8 April 2011 |accessdate=8 April 2011 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/ZS9rG |archivedate=26 March 2013 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
 
<ref name="LeonovBook">{{Cite book |title=Two Sides of the Moon |publisher=Thomas Dunne Books |location=[[New York City|New York]] |first1=Alexei |last1=Leonov |first2=David |last2=Scott |page=218 |year=2004 |isbn=0-312-30865-5 |oclc=56587777}}</ref>
 
<ref name="rt20130614">{{cite news |url=http://rt.com/news/gagarin-death-truth-revealed-674/ |title=Death of Yuri Gagarin demystified 40 years on |work=[[RT (TV network)|RT.com]] |date=14 June 2013 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/VMFBe |archivedate=15 June 2013}}</ref>
 
<ref name="unitoday20130614">{{cite news |url=http://www.universetoday.com/102934/details-of-yuri-gagarins-tragic-death-revealed/ |title=Details of Yuri Gagarin's Tragic Death Revealed |work=Universe Today |first=Jason |last=Major |date=14 June 2013 |accessdate=17 June 2013}}</ref>
 
<ref name="bbc20110307">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-12661377 |title=Memories sought of Yuri Gagarin's way into space |work=BBC News |last=Williams |first=Huw |date=7 March 2011 |accessdate=11 April 2011}}</ref>
 
<ref name="guardian20110313">{{cite news |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2011/mar/13/yuri-gagarin-first-space-korolev |title=Sergei Korolev: the rocket genius behind Yuri Gagarin |work=[[The Guardian]] |last=McKie |first=Robin |date=13 March 2011 |accessdate=11 April 2011}}</ref>
 
<ref name="natgeo20090721">{{cite web |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/07/090721-apollo-11-moonlanding-facts.html |title=Apollo 11: 5 Little-Known Facts About the Moon Landing |work=National Geographic |first=Anne |last=Minard |date=21 July 2009 |accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Aldrin1989">{{cite book |title=Men From Earth |publisher=Bantam |location=New York |first1=Buzz |last1=Aldrin |first2=Malcolm |last2=McConnell |year=1989 |isbn=0553053744}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Geppert2012">{{cite book |title=Imagining Outer Space: European Astroculture in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=New York |first=Philip |last=Pocock |editor-first=Alexander C. T. |editor-last=Geppert |pages=335-336 |year=2012 |isbn=0230231721}}</ref>
 
<ref name="slate20131216">{{cite news |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2013/12/sculpture_on_the_moon_paul_van_hoeydonck_s_fallen_astronaut.html |title=The Sculpture on the Moon |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |first1=Corey S. |last1=Powell |first2=Laurie Gwen |last2=Shapiro |date=16 December 2013 |accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref>
 
<ref name="cbr">{{ru icon}} {{cite web |url=http://www.cbr.ru/bank-notes_coins/base_of_memorable_coins/main.asp?IsDetal=0&Year=9&s_cat=1 |title=База данных по памятным и инвестиционным монетам |work=CBR.ru |accessdate=30 March 2008}}</ref>
 
<ref name="coinupdate">{{cite web |url=http://news.coinupdate.com/yuri-gagarin-featured-on-russian-gold-and-silver-coins-0772/ |title=Yuri Gagarin Featured on Russian Gold and Silver Coins |work=Coin Update |date=14 April 2011}}</ref>
 
<ref name="spm100519">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/ufa_sports_to_market_kontinental_hockey_league/ |title=UFA Sports to market Kontinental Hockey League |work=SportsPro Media |first=Adam |last=Fraser |date=19 May 2010 |accessdate=19 August 2010}}</ref>
 
<ref name="spacefoundation">{{cite web |url=http://www.spacefoundation.org/news/story.php?id=1038 |title=Space Foundation Survey Reveals Broad Range of Space Heroes |work=Space Foundation |date=27 October 2010 |accessdate=17 January 2011}}</ref>
 
<ref name="flight20110115">{{cite news |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/01/15/351904/picture-first-armavia-superjet-awaits-delivery.html |title=Picture: First Armavia Superjet awaits delivery |work=FlightGlobal.com |first=David |last=Kaminski-Morrow |date=15 January 2011 |accessdate=17 January 2011}}</ref>
 
<ref name="guardian20110406">{{Cite news |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2011/apr/06/yuri-gagarin-orbital-flight-1961 |title=How Yuri Gagarin's historic flight was nearly grounded |work=[[The Guardian]] |first=Tom |last=Parfitt |date=6 April 2011 |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref>
 
<ref name="guardian20110411">{{cite news |title=What Yuri Gagarin saw: First Orbit film to reveal the view from Vostok 1 |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/blog/2011/apr/11/yuri-gagarin-first-orbit-vostok |work=[[The Guardian]] |first=Christopher |last=Riley |date=11 April 2011 |accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref>
 
<ref name="youtube20110411">{{cite web |url=//www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6BThA641Rg |title=Yuri's Night 2011 International Space Station Crew: 50th Anniversary of Human Spaceflight |publisher=YouTube.com |date=11 April 2011 |accessdate=27 April 2012}}</ref>
 
<ref name="tourbillon">{{cite web |url=http://www.thegagarintourbillon.com/en/ |title=The Gagarin Tourbillon |publisher=The Gagarin Tourbillon |accessdate=27 April 2012}}</ref>
 
<ref name="mannedaero">{{cite web |url=http://space.kursknet.ru/cosmos/english/machines/stma21.sht |title=Spacecraft "Soyuz-TMA21" |work=Manned Aeronautics |first=Alexander |last=Anikeev |date=29 April 2011 |accessdate=1 May 2011}}</ref>
 
<ref name="almanaquebrasil">{{cite web |url=http://www.almanaquebrasil.com.br/curiosidades-historia/6522-para-yuri-gagarin-brasilia-era-um-planeta-diferente.html |title=Para Yuri Gagarin, Brasília era um planeta diferente |trans_title=For Yuri Gagarin, Brasil was a different planet |work=Brasil Almanaque de Cultura Popular |first=Bruno |last=Hoffmann |accessdate=26 September 2009}}</ref>
 
}}
 
===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=note|refs=
<ref name="yuri-alt-names">Gagarin's first name is sometimes transliterated ''Yuriy'', ''Youri'', and ''Yury''.</ref>
 
<ref name="parents-alt-names">Alexey and Anna's names are sometimes transliterated as Aleksei Ivanovich and Anna Timofeevna, respectively (Bassin 2012).</ref>
 
}}
 
===Fontes===